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Message-ID: <54B89A83.8050806@treenet.co.nz>
Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2015 17:58:43 +1300
From: Amos Jeffries <squid3@...enet.co.nz>
To: oss-security@...ts.openwall.com
Subject: Re: Re: CVE request: httpd: IP address spoofing in
mod_remoteip
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On 16/01/2015 8:23 a.m., cve-assign@...re.org wrote:
>> Can a CVE be assigned to this please?
>
> Our interpretation is that the bug reports are actually describing
> correct and intended behavior. Similarly, the patch seems to break
> some realistic uses of the mod_remoteip module. The patch is only
> useful for sites that have chosen to list a trusted proxy that
> isn't actually trusted.
My 2c from the Squid Project where the X-Forwarded-For HTTP extension
was designed.
The trust model of that HTTP header is that each hop is trusted
whether to correctly erase, append or pass-thru the header it receives.
So ...
>
> For example,
> http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/httpd-users/201210.mbox/%3CCAHa2qaJSW7Hvk68grWMbbiFSA=zAxQ1nr_-A-K-pDWbAB0Gd1Q@mail.gmail.com%3E
>
>
says:
>
> 1. Client(1.1.1.1) send a request with spoofed X-Forwarded-For
> header. X-Forwarded-For: 2.2.2.2 2. Proxy/Load Balancer(10.0.0.1)
> append the client IP address to existing X-Forwarded-For header.
> X-Forwarded-For: 2.2.2.2, 1.1.1.1 3. Apache server receive
> forwarded request. (httpd.conf) RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
> RemoteIPTrustedProxy 10.0.0.0/8
>
> I expected that mod_remoteip would override client IP with 1.1.1.1
> because 10.0.0.1 is trusted and 1.1.1.1 is not trusted. Actually,
> client IP was overridden with 2.2.2.2.
>
The proxy at 10.0.0.1 is declaring that its client was 1.1.1.1.
Nothing regarding the 2.2.2.2 or whether the proxy trusts 1.1.1.1 to
send accurate XFF header.
In fact, quite likely the proxy at 10.0.0.1 does *not* trust 1.1.1.1.
Because if it had it could have followed the pass-thru option of just
relaying the "X-Forwarded-For:2.2.2.2" its trusted client sent. For
whatever reason it chose to relay both 2.2.2.2 and 1.1.1.1 to the
Apache server to be re-evaluated.
So the bug reports are correct - unless the receiving server admin
explicitly configures trust for both 10.0.0.1 and 1.1.1.1 it should be
treating the left-most portion of the XFF header (2.2.2.2) as garbage
forged by 1.1.1.1. The rightmost value of the untrusted/garbage IPs
(1.1.1.1) is the verified client.
If the security model were as you think then all HTTP implementations
would have to explicitly code in the non-standard trust validation of
XFF header before they relay it. Which violates the HTTP standard
requirement of ignoring/relaying unknown headers - there is a lot of
software predating the XFF headers creation or where it is simply
irrelevant.
With the Squid designed trust model any hop can relay, append or
delete X_Forwarded-For in full compliance with HTTP without
introducing the multi-hop forgery loophole demonstrated in the bug
reports.
The XFF header in a nutshell provides a simple chain of trust to *a*
remote client outside a trusted DMZ area in CDN infrastructure. There
is no guarantee for that being the origin client, nor even the first
in the presented header.
>
> Here, 10.0.0.1 is trusted to present ANY public IP address,
> including both 1.1.1.1 and 2.2.2.2. (10.0.0.1 is NOT, for example,
> trusted to present a private IP address such as 192.168.0.2.) The
> documentation says "It is critical to only enable this behavior
> from intermediate hosts (proxies, etc) which are trusted by this
> server, since it is trivial for the remote useragent to impersonate
> another useragent." In other words, the operator of the Apache HTTP
> Server has delegated to 10.0.0.1 the responsibility for sending an
> X-Forwarded-For header that is valid according to the rule set
> established by the 10.0.0.1 configuration. Only the 10.0.0.1
> configuration can determine whether 1.1.1.1 is trusted to send an
> "X-Forwarded-For: 2.2.2.2" header. The bug reports seem to envision
> a world in which the Apache HTTP Server configuration has
> information about the proxy-trust rule sets of the entire outside
> world. The documentation does not state that it should have that
> information, and (from a network-architecture perspective) it
> really wouldn't make much sense for it to have that information.
>
> The documentation says "Processing halts when a given useragent IP
> address is not trusted to present the preceding IP address." This
> is perhaps confusing because the available directives don't provide
> any way to express a rule about whether a specific N-hops-away
> external IP address is allowed to present any specific
> (N+1)-hops-away external IP address. The directives are only about
> the Apache HTTP Server's trust of 1-hop-away external IP
> addresses.
>
> It seems plausible that the documentation means that these two
> types of halts were thought to be desirable:
>
> 1. If the Apache HTTP Server is communicating directly with a
> host, and that host is specified in neither a RemoteIPTrustedProxy
> nor a RemoteIPInternalProxy directive, then processing halts at
> the right-most IP address in the X-Forwarded-For header. Here, the
> goal of the halt is to reject an unauthorized proxy.
IME not quite. There is no evidence of a proxy in this case. The
directly received TCP packet src-IP is the "rightmost" in the XFF
chain of trust. It should never get to trusting any of the textual XFF
contents if that prefix IP is untrusted.
>
> 2. If the Apache HTTP Server is communicating directly with a
> host, and that host is specified in a RemoteIPTrustedProxy
> directive but not in a RemoteIPInternalProxy directive, then
> processing halts at the right-most private IP address in the
> X-Forwarded-For header. For example:
>
> X-Forwarded-For: 4.4.4.4, 3.3.3.3, 192.168.0.2, 2.2.2.2, 1.1.1.1
>
> halts at 192.168.0.2. From a network-architecture perspective,
> this seems to make perfect sense because the meaning of 192.168.0.2
> with respect to host 2.2.2.2 can be completely different from the
> meaning of 192.168.0.2 on the intranet of the Apache HTTP Server.
> Here, the goal of the halt is to reject an out-of-context intranet
> address.
>
You seem to be off-by-one in the analysis. The halt is *on* the
untrusted IP, making that IP itself the indirect client.
This case TCP IP is trusted, but 1.1.1.1 untrusted so 1.1.1.1 is the
indirect client. That 1.1.1.1 value was appended/relayed by the
trusted server at the other end of TCP/IP connection.
>
> In other words, we believe that the bug report's expectation of
> "mod_remoteip would override client IP with 1.1.1.1 because
> 10.0.0.1 is trusted and 1.1.1.1 is not trusted" is false. From the
> perspective of directly incoming IP packets to the Apache HTTP
> Server, 1.1.1.1 is neither trusted nor untrusted. A 1.1.1.1 trust
> decision is outside the scope of what the Apache HTTP Server can or
> should do. The 1.1.1.1 trust decision belongs exclusively to the
> operator of 10.0.0.1.
>
> If all of this is wrong, and mod_remoteip actually wanted to have
> complete information about the proxy-trust rule sets of the
> outside world, then security@...che.org (see the
> http://www.apache.org/security/committers.html page) can assign a
> CVE ID.
>
Does their intent and documentation matter if they are/were not
following someones elses feature design accurately and causing a
security impact that should not have existed ?
HTH,
Amos Jeffries
Squid Software Foundation
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