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Message-ID: <hmnd04492x6.fsf@jsnitsel.users.ipa.redhat.com>
Date: Wed, 05 Aug 2020 14:51:49 -0700
From: Jerry Snitselaar <jsnitsel@...hat.com>
To: oss-security@...ts.openwall.com
Cc: trousers-tech@...ts.sourceforge.net, security@...e.de, Matthias Gerstner <mgerstner@...e.de>
Subject: Re: Multiple Security Issues in the TrouSerS tpm1.2 tscd Daemon
Matthias Gerstner @ 2020-05-20 05:54 MST:
> Hello,
>
> I have discovered multiple security issues in the tcsd daemon of the TrouSerS
> [1] tpm 1.2 stack.
>
> Introduction
> ============
>
> The tcsd daemon manages access to the tpm 1.2 compliant /dev/tpm0 device on
> Linux systems. The daemon utilizes an unprivileged user and group account to
> run as. These are called tss:tss by default.
>
> The tcsd can be started directly as the tss user and group e.g. via systemd or
> via start-stop-daemon. In this case the /dev/tpm0 device needs to be owned by
> the tss user. This mode of operation is safe and is not affected by the
> following findings.
>
> If the tcsd is started with root privileges then it opens /dev/tpm0 as root
> and drops privileges to the unprivileged user afterwards. In this case the tss
> user can achieve privilege escalations. The following logic is performed by
> the tcsd:
>
> 1) the daemon reads in the configuration in /etc/tcsd.conf after making sure
> that the config file is owned by tss:tss mode 0600 (function
> `conf_file_init()`). From this configuration file the path `system_ps_file`
> (by default /var/lib/tpm/system.data) is parsed and used for further
> operations.
>
> 2) the daemon makes sure that the directory where the `system_ps_file` is
> contained in exists (function `ps_dirs_init()`, /var/lib/tpm by default).
> The directory is created, if necessary, using `mkdir()` and mode 0700.
> Afterwards an explicit `chown()` to mode 0700 is made in case the mode of
> the directory doesn't match this mode yet.
>
> 3) in the function `ps_init_disk_cache()` the function `get_file()` is called
> which opens the `system_ps_file` using `O_RDWR|O_CREAT` and mode 0600:
>
> `openat(AT_FDCWD, "/var/lib/tpm/system.data", O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0600) = 4`
>
> 4) only after these steps a privilege drop to the tss uid is performed in
> the `main()` function.
>
> Security Issues
> ===============
>
> The security issues resulting from this are as follows:
>
> a) Since /var/lib/tpm is owned by the tss user (as per dist/Makefile.am), the
> creation of the `system.data` file in step 3) is prone to symlink attacks. The
> tss user can thereby cause the creation of new files or the corruption of
> existing files. These new files end up with mode 0600 and no `chown()` to the
> tss user is performed by the tcsd. Thus it looks like no full local root
> privilege escalation can be achieved but only DoS attacks.
>
> b) The tcsd only drops the root uid, not the root gid in step 4). A call to
> `setgid()` is missing. Therefore the tcsd continues to run with root group
> privileges it doesn't actually require. This could allow further privilege
> escalations when combined with other, yet unknown attack vectors.
>
> c) The configuration file /etc/tcsd.conf is _required_ by the tcsd to be
> owned by tss:tss mode 0600. Therefore the unprivileged user can change all
> daemon related settings, including the `system_ps_file` path. This means
> the `mkdir()` and `chmod()` performed in step 2) can be directed to an
> arbitrary path. This also includes the symlink attack described in a)
> for arbitrary paths.
>
> Further security issues could stem from this by manipulating other config
> file options. I did not look deeper into this.
>
> d) Not directly related to the logic above. The example RPM spec file [5] in
> the TrouSerS repository is using unsafe file and directory modes for
> /var/lib/tpm and /usr/sbin/tcsd:
>
> ```
> # create the default location for the persistent store files
> if test -e %{_localstatedir}/tpm; then
> mkdir -p %{_localstatedir}/tpm
> /bin/chown tss:tss %{_localstatedir}/tpm
> /bin/chmod 1777 %{_localstatedir}/tpm
> fi
>
> # chown the daemon
> /bin/chown tss:tss %{_sbindir}/tcsd
> ```
>
> So here a public sticky-bit directory is setup in /var/lib/tpm. This could
> allow arbitrary users to setup the symlink attack mentioned in a). It could
> also lead to an information leak. Once the tcsd is started as root the mode
> of /var/lib/tpm will be corrected in step 1), however.
>
> Passing ownership of /usr/sbin/tcsd to the tss user would allow the tss
> user to replace the tcsd binary by malicious code that will potentially be
> executed by the root user, leading to arbitrary code execution.
>
> I'm not aware of any distribution actually using this spec file or parts of
> it. Still it is a very bad example.
>
> Mitigation and Bugfixes
> =======================
>
> It seems best to me to run the tcsd as the tss:tss user and group right away
> and to not rely on the privilege drop logic implemented in the daemon itself.
> All of a), b) and c) should no longer be problematic in this case. I found
> that on Debian and Gentoo Linux this is already the case. To make this work a
> udev rule needs to be packaged that passes ownership of /dev/tpm0 device to
> the tss user. To prevent regressions when switching from the privilege drop
> approach to this new approach, a possibly already existing
> /var/lib/tpm/system.auth file needs to be safely chown()'ed to the tss user
> during package updates.
>
On Fedora and RHEL there currently is a udev rule (from upstream) that
ships with the tpm2-tss package that is setting ownership of /dev/tpm0
to tss:root. I don't recall what the reasoning was for the group being
root. For /dev/tpmrm0 it sets it to tss:tss, so not sure what the reason
was for /dev/tpm0. I believe that package is part of a default install,
so that will need to be worked out. I don't know if you run into that
with SUSE as well.
> On SUSE and Fedora Linux the tcsd is started as root via systemd, thus they
> are affected by the security issues. A preliminary suggested source code fix
> is attached to this mail. It makes sure that `O_NOFOLLOW` is added to step 3)
> to prevent a symlink attack. It also adds a drop of the root gid to the tss
> gid. And it modifies the check of /etc/tcsd.conf such that ownership root:tss
> and mode 0640 are necessary. The packaging needs to be adjusted accordingly.
>
> The correct long term fix should probably be to *only* open /dev/tpm0 as root,
> immediately drop to tss:tss and only then perform the further initialization
> steps. The initialization sequence in `tcsd_startup()` is currently running
> completely in the root user context and seems rather complex. Maybe there are
> more details to this that I don't know of yet. For this reason I didn't try a
> patch in this direction yet.
>
> Upstream Reporting
> ==================
>
> I reported issues a), b) and d) privately to the documented upstream contacts
> without much success (see Timeline below). The SUSE Security Team 90 days
> maximum disclosure time has been reached, therefore I'm publishing this now in
> an uncoordinated way. While working on a fix I additionally discovered issue
> c). SUSE is tracking the issues in bsc#1164472 [6] currently.
>
> Issues a), b) and c) deserve CVE assignments in my opinion. I can't request
> CVEs myself though, because IBM upstream is a CNA themselves. Therefore
> upstream is required to assign their own CVEs.
>
> Timeline
> ========
>
> 2020-02-19: I reported findings a), b) and d) to honclo@...ux.vnet.ibm.com,
> the security contact of the project according to the README file [2].
> 2020-02-28: I reported findings a), b) and d) to debora@...ux.ibm.com, the
> maintainer of the project according to the AUTHORS file [3].
> 2020-03-16: I received a reply from debora@...ux.ibm.com, stating that she
> will look into the findings.
> 2020-05-06: I reminded debora@...ux.ibm.com that the latest disclosure time
> [4] for the findings is approaching and asked for any updates.
> 2020-05-20: I started working on a bugfix and mitigations, discovered the
> additional finding c) and started publishing the findings.
>
> [1]: https://sourceforge.net/projects/trousers
> [2]: https://sourceforge.net/p/trousers/trousers/ci/master/tree/README
> [3]: https://sourceforge.net/p/trousers/trousers/ci/master/tree/AUTHORS
> [4]: https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Security_disclosure_policy
> [5]: https://sourceforge.net/p/trousers/trousers/ci/master/tree/dist/trousers.spec.in
> [6]: https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1164472
>
> Best Regards
>
> Matthias
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