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Message-ID: <20220211155441.GG7074@brightrain.aerifal.cx>
Date: Fri, 11 Feb 2022 10:54:41 -0500
From: Rich Felker <dalias@...c.org>
To: Yuri Kanivetsky <yuri.kanivetsky@...il.com>
Cc: musl@...ts.openwall.com
Subject: Re: What determines the TERM variable value?
On Fri, Feb 11, 2022 at 03:30:32PM +0200, Yuri Kanivetsky wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I was told recently that I can set TERM to any value inside a docker
> container, which is, sort of, at odds with my understanding.
>
> And my understanding is as follows. When a program creates a
> pseudoterminal (a pty master/slave pair), it sort of becomes a
> terminal emulator. I guess, it can decide not to process any escape
> sequences in which case the pair is probably not much different from
> an ordinary pipe. And basically what sequences it decides to process
> determines the TERM variable value.
No, creating the pty pair does not make you a terminal emulator any
more than a modem or null modem cable is a terminal emulator. The pty
is just a data channel with kernel support for certain types of data
translation/interpretation and very basic line buffering and editing
(if enabled). This layer has nothing to do with terminal semantics.
> I can separate such programs into 2 categories:
>
> * Terminal emulators (xterm, urxvt, ...). They receive input, process
> escape sequences, and draw the result in a window. They can invent
> their own language (escape sequences), but it's probably best to have
> some terminal as a base.
>
> * The rest (docker, ssh, tmux, screen, ...). They receive input,
> translate escape sequences to the language of the process up the chain
> (by using the TERM variable and the terminfo database), and pass the
> result to stdout (text, optionally with translated escape sequences).
tmux and screen *are* terminal emulators who use *another terminal*
(the one they're attached to) as a presentation layer for showing
what's on the terminals (one for each window) they're emulating
internally. They're not just data channel carriers.
> So, generally you have a chain of processes connected via
> pseudoterminals (a pty master/slave pairs). E.g. xterm <-> ssh <->
> tmux <-> docker.
>
> Also, you can't set TERM to an arbitrary value. Each program that
> creates a pseudoterminal supports a fixed set of values. E.g. the tmux
> documentation says:
>
> > For tmux to work correctly, this must be set to screen, tmux or a derivative of them.
>
> https://man.archlinux.org/man/community/tmux/tmux.1.en
>
> Is my understanding correct?
>
> Also, I have a pretty vague understanding of what the TERM variable
> affects. Can you give some examples? Or categorize things in some way?
> Is it only about escape sequences?
Pretty much, yes. The TERM environment variable simply tells the
program you're invoking what dialect of terminal escapes to use
(normally found by looking it up in the terminfo/termcap database) and
what to expect as input when different special keys are pressed. It's
informing the application of the contract you want it to honor with
whatever is on the other side of the tty channel.
Rich
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