kernel-hardening - TID v2.0: kernel module for cache-line zeroization against Flush+Reload (CLFLUSHOPT + LFENCE + REP STOSQ)

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Message-ID: <CAAmtCfPiwDmyycoON5bTjhaT9s0yPd1wWHvT+=PEd+J4OW1+gA@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 02:13:52 +0300
From: Ahmad Hasan <ahmaaaaadbntaaaaa@...il.com>
To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kselftest@...r.kernel.org, linux-api@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-mm@...ck.org, linux-crypto@...r.kernel.org, 
	kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com, linux-hardening@...r.kernel.org, 
	linux-security-module@...r.kernel.org
Subject: TID v2.0: kernel module for cache-line zeroization against
 Flush+Reload (CLFLUSHOPT + LFENCE + REP STOSQ)

Hi kernel developers,

I am sharing TID (The Instant Destroyer) v2.0, a Linux kernel module
written in C that addresses a specific gap in existing security
libraries: none of them (libsodium, OpenSSL, glibc memzero_explicit)
flush CPU cache lines after memory zeroization.

== Problem ==

Standard zeroization functions (explicit_bzero, sodium_memzero,
OPENSSL_cleanse) prevent the compiler from eliding the wipe, but do
not evict CPU cache lines (L1/L2/L3). This leaves residual key
material measurable via Flush+Reload (Yarom & Falkner, 2014) after
data use ends.

== Approach: PROTECT+ZERO Protocol ==

TID combines three instructions in a single kernel module:

Phase 1 - PROTECT (before data use):
  LFENCE <- close speculative execution window
  MFENCE <- ensure all prior writes are complete

Phase 2 - ZERO (after data use):
  LFENCE <- close speculation window
  REP STOSQ <- compiler-resistant wipe
  CLFLUSHOPT <- evict all cache lines (L1/L2/L3)
  MFENCE <- ensure eviction is complete
  LFENCE <- close the far-side window

This follows directly the Intel Spectre Mitigation Guide (2018) and
AMD Speculative Execution Software Techniques (2018).

== Benchmark Results (AMD EPYC 9B14, Linux 6.14.11) ==

Without TID : attacker measures ~78 cycles (Cache HIT)
With TID v2 : attacker measures ~286 cycles (Cache MISS)
Ratio : 3.7x latency increase -- attack defeated

Physical lower bound confirmed:
  LFENCE (~40ns) + REP STOSQ (~50ns) + CLFLUSHOPT (~150ns)
  + MFENCE (~40ns) + LFENCE (~40ns) = ~320ns
  (measured: 290-372ns)

== What Distinguishes TID ==

No major security library implements CLFLUSHOPT post-wipe eviction.
TID is the only known kernel-module-level implementation of the
PROTECT+ZERO protocol.

== Known Limitations ==

- A 372ns window during data use remains (physical lower bound);
  v3.0 target via Intel CAT integration
- Requires same-machine attacker model (shared memory)
- Does not protect against cold-boot attacks
- Not a replacement for disk encryption

== Project Details ==

License : AGPL-3.0
Hardware : AMD EPYC 9B14 (Zen 4), x86_64
Kernel : Linux 6.14.11
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17585929
GitHub : https://github.com/ahmaaaaadbntaaaaa-byte/The-Instant-Destroyer

Comments and technical criticism are welcome.

Regards,
Ahmad Qasim Mohammad Hassan
Independent Hardware Security Researcher
ORCID: 0009-0001-4360-0802

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