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Message-Id: <1562410493-8661-2-git-send-email-s.mesoraca16@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2019 12:54:42 +0200
From: Salvatore Mesoraca <s.mesoraca16@...il.com>
To: linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org
Cc: kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com,
linux-mm@...ck.org,
linux-security-module@...r.kernel.org,
Alexander Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>,
Brad Spengler <spender@...ecurity.net>,
Casey Schaufler <casey@...aufler-ca.com>,
Christoph Hellwig <hch@...radead.org>,
James Morris <james.l.morris@...cle.com>,
Jann Horn <jannh@...gle.com>,
Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>,
PaX Team <pageexec@...email.hu>,
Salvatore Mesoraca <s.mesoraca16@...il.com>,
"Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@...lyn.com>,
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Subject: [PATCH v5 01/12] S.A.R.A.: add documentation
Adding documentation for S.A.R.A. LSM.
Signed-off-by: Salvatore Mesoraca <s.mesoraca16@...il.com>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SARA.rst | 177 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst | 1 +
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 24 ++++
3 files changed, 202 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SARA.rst
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SARA.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SARA.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdde04c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/SARA.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+========
+S.A.R.A.
+========
+
+S.A.R.A. (S.A.R.A. is Another Recursive Acronym) is a stacked Linux Security
+Module that aims to collect heterogeneous security measures, providing a common
+interface to manage them.
+As of today it consists of one submodule:
+
+- WX Protection
+
+
+The kernel-space part is complemented by its user-space counterpart: `saractl`
+[2]_.
+A test suite for WX Protection, called `sara-test` [4]_, is also available.
+More information about where to find these tools and the full S.A.R.A.
+documentation are in the `External Links and Documentation`_ section.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+S.A.R.A.'s Submodules
+=====================
+
+WX Protection
+-------------
+WX Protection aims to improve user-space programs security by applying:
+
+- `W^X enforcement`_
+- `W!->X (once writable never executable) mprotect restriction`_
+- `Executable MMAP prevention`_
+
+All of the above features can be enabled or disabled both system wide
+or on a per executable basis through the use of configuration files managed by
+`saractl` [2]_.
+
+It is important to note that some programs may have issues working with
+WX Protection. In particular:
+
+- **W^X enforcement** will cause problems to any programs that needs
+ memory pages mapped both as writable and executable at the same time e.g.
+ programs with executable stack markings in the *PT_GNU_STACK* segment.
+- **W!->X mprotect restriction** will cause problems to any program that
+ needs to generate executable code at run time or to modify executable
+ pages e.g. programs with a *JIT* compiler built-in or linked against a
+ *non-PIC* library.
+- **Executable MMAP prevention** can work only with programs that have at least
+ partial *RELRO* support. It's disabled automatically for programs that
+ lack this feature. It will cause problems to any program that uses *dlopen*
+ or tries to do an executable mmap. Unfortunately this feature is the one
+ that could create most problems and should be enabled only after careful
+ evaluation.
+
+To extend the scope of the above features, despite the issues that they may
+cause, they are complemented by **/proc/PID/attr/sara/wxprot** interface
+and **trampoline emulation**.
+
+At the moment, WX Protection (unless specified otherwise) should work on
+any architecture supporting the NX bit, including, but not limited to:
+`x86_64`, `x86_32` (with PAE), `ARM` and `ARM64`.
+
+Parts of WX Protection are inspired by some of the features available in PaX.
+
+For further information about configuration file format and user-space
+utilities please take a look at the full documentation [1]_.
+
+W^X enforcement
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+W^X means that a program can't have a page of memory that is marked, at the
+same time, writable and executable. This also allow to detect many bad
+behaviours that make life much more easy for attackers. Programs running with
+this feature enabled will be more difficult to exploit in the case they are
+affected by some vulnerabilities, because the attacker will be forced
+to make more steps in order to exploit them.
+This feature also blocks accesses to /proc/*/mem files that would allow to
+write the current process read-only memory, bypassing any protection.
+
+W!->X (once writable never executable) mprotect restriction
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+"Once writable never executable" means that any page that could have been
+marked as writable in the past won't ever be allowed to be marked (e.g. via
+an mprotect syscall) as executable.
+This goes on the same track as W^X, but is much stricter and prevents
+the runtime creation of new executable code in memory.
+Obviously, this feature does not prevent a program from creating a new file and
+*mmapping* it as executable, however, it will be way more difficult for
+attackers to exploit vulnerabilities if this feature is enabled.
+
+Executable MMAP prevention
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+This feature prevents the creation of new executable mmaps after the dynamic
+libraries have been loaded. When used in combination with **W!->X mprotect
+restriction** this feature will completely prevent the creation of new
+executable code from the current thread.
+Obviously, this feature does not prevent cases in which an attacker uses an
+*execve* to start a completely new program. This kind of restriction, if
+needed, can be applied using one of the other LSM that focuses on MAC.
+Please be aware that this feature can break many programs and so it should be
+enabled after careful evaluation.
+
+/proc/PID/attr/sara/wxprot interface
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+The `procattr` interface can be used by a thread to discover which
+WX Protection features are enabled and/or to tighten them: protection
+can't be softened via procattr.
+The interface is simple: it's a text file with an hexadecimal
+number in it representing enabled features (more information can be
+found in the `Flags values`_ section). Via this interface it is also
+possible to perform a complete memory scan to remove the write permission
+from pages that are both writable and executable, please note that this
+change will also affect other threads of the same process.
+
+Protections that prevent the runtime creation of executable code
+can be troublesome for all those programs that actually need to do it
+e.g. programs shipping with a JIT compiler built-in.
+This feature can be use to run the JIT compiler with few restrictions
+while enforcing full WX Protection in the rest of the program.
+
+The preferred way to access this interface is via `libsara` [3]_.
+If you don't want it as a dependency, you can just statically link it
+in your project or copy/paste parts of it.
+To make things simpler `libsara` is the only part of S.A.R.A. released under
+*CC0 - No Rights Reserved* license.
+
+Trampoline emulation
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Some programs need to generate part of their code at runtime. Luckily enough,
+in some cases they only generate well-known code sequences (the
+*trampolines*) that can be easily recognized and emulated by the kernel.
+This way WX Protection can still be active, so a potential attacker won't be
+able to generate arbitrary sequences of code, but just those that are
+explicitly allowed. This is not ideal, but it's still better than having WX
+Protection completely disabled.
+
+In particular S.A.R.A. is able to recognize trampolines used by GCC for nested
+C functions and libffi's trampolines.
+This feature is available only on `x86_32` and `x86_64`.
+
+Flags values
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Flags are represented as a 16 bit unsigned integer in which every bit indicates
+the status of a given feature:
+
++------------------------------+----------+
+| Feature | Value |
++==============================+==========+
+| W!->X Heap | 0x0001 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| W!->X Stack | 0x0002 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| W!->X Other memory | 0x0004 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| W^X | 0x0008 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| Don't enforce, just complain | 0x0010 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| Be Verbose | 0x0020 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| Executable MMAP prevention | 0x0040 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| Force W^X on setprocattr | 0x0080 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| Trampoline emulation | 0x0100 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+| Children will inherit flags | 0x0200 |
++------------------------------+----------+
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+External Links and Documentation
+================================
+
+.. [1] `Documentation <https://sara.smeso.it>`_
+.. [2] `saractl <https://github.com/smeso/saractl>`_
+.. [3] `libsara <https://github.com/smeso/libsara>`_
+.. [4] `sara-test <https://github.com/smeso/sara-test>`_
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst
index a6ba95f..81b50e4 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/LSM/index.rst
@@ -47,3 +47,4 @@ subdirectories.
tomoyo
Yama
SafeSetID
+ SARA
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 138f666..3d6e86d 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -4230,6 +4230,30 @@
1 -- enable.
Default value is set via kernel config option.
+ sara.enabled= [SARA] Disable or enable S.A.R.A. at boot time.
+ If disabled this way S.A.R.A. can't be enabled
+ again.
+ Format: { "0" | "1" }
+ See security/sara/Kconfig help text
+ 0 -- disable.
+ 1 -- enable.
+ Default value is set via kernel config option.
+
+ sara.wxprot_enabled= [SARA]
+ Disable or enable S.A.R.A. WX Protection
+ at boot time.
+ Format: { "0" | "1" }
+ See security/sara/Kconfig help text
+ 0 -- disable.
+ 1 -- enable.
+ Default value is set via kernel config option.
+
+ sara.wxprot_default_flags= [SARA]
+ Set S.A.R.A. WX Protection default flags.
+ Format: <integer>
+ See S.A.R.A. documentation.
+ Default value is set via kernel config option.
+
serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
shapers= [NET]
--
1.9.1
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