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Message-ID: <1516473386.30886.35.camel@intel.com>
Date: Sat, 20 Jan 2018 18:36:41 +0000
From: "Williams, Dan J" <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
To: "tglx@...utronix.de" <tglx@...utronix.de>
CC: "linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@...r.kernel.org>,
"torvalds@...ux-foundation.org" <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>,
"alan@...ux.intel.com" <alan@...ux.intel.com>, "viro@...iv.linux.org.uk"
<viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>, "Reshetova, Elena" <elena.reshetova@...el.com>,
"johannes@...solutions.net" <johannes@...solutions.net>,
"will.deacon@....com" <will.deacon@....com>, "luto@...nel.org"
<luto@...nel.org>, "kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com"
<kernel-hardening@...ts.openwall.com>, "gregkh@...uxfoundation.org"
<gregkh@...uxfoundation.org>, "davem@...emloft.net" <davem@...emloft.net>,
"linux-arch@...r.kernel.org" <linux-arch@...r.kernel.org>
Subject: [GIT PULL] spectre variant1 mitigations for 4.16
Hi Thomas, please pull from:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djbw/linux nospec-v4.1
...to receive a collection of spectre-v1 mitigations, and
infrastructure for future mitigations.
The infrastructure includes:
* __uaccess_begin_nospec: similar to __uaccess_begin this invokes
'stac', but it also includes an 'ifence'. After an 'access_ok' check
has speculatively succeeded that result needs to be retired before the
user pointer is de-referenced. '__get_user' can't use the pointer
sanitization approach without redoing the 'access_ok' check, so per
Linus [1] just use 'ifence'.
* MASK_NOSPEC: an assembler macro for x86 'get_user' and syscall entry
that sanitizes a user controlled pointer or array index to zero after a
'cmp %limit %val' instruction sets the CF flag.
* array_ptr: When dereferencing a kernel pointer with a user controlled
index, sanitize the pointer to either NULL or valid addresses under
speculation to eliminate a precondition for Spectre variant1 attacks.
It uses a mask generation technique that does not involve speculative
control flows on either x86 or ARM64 [2].
* x86 array_ptr_mask: Achieve the same effect as the default
'array_ptr_mask' in fewer instructions. This approach does not have the
same "array index and limit must be less than LONG_MAX" constraint as
the default mask.
* array_idx: Similar to 'array_ptr', use a mask to return a valid
pointer or NULL to an array index variable. An example where we need
this is the wireless driver stack where the core sanitizes user input
and the actual usage of the array index is in a different compilation
unit in the low-level driver.
The full patch is included below, this has received a build success
notification from the kbuild robot, survives a boot test, and I have
spot checked the generated assembly.
[1]: https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/1/17/929
[2]: https://www.spinics.net/lists/netdev/msg477542.html
The following changes since commit a8750ddca918032d6349adbf9a4b6555e7db20da:
Linux 4.15-rc8 (2018-01-14 15:32:30 -0800)
are available in the git repository at:
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/djbw/linux nospec-v4.1
for you to fetch changes up to 4265eaab5a77015b476785a6e1ce9432398341bc:
nl80211: sanitize array index in parse_txq_params (2018-01-19 22:46:57 -0800)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Dan Williams (9):
asm/nospec, array_ptr: sanitize speculative array de-references
x86: implement array_ptr_mask()
x86: introduce __uaccess_begin_nospec and ifence
x86, __get_user: use __uaccess_begin_nospec
x86, get_user: use pointer masking to limit speculation
x86: narrow out of bounds syscalls to sys_read under speculation
vfs, fdtable: prevent bounds-check bypass via speculative execution
kvm, x86: update spectre-v1 mitigation
nl80211: sanitize array index in parse_txq_params
Mark Rutland (1):
Documentation: document array_ptr
Documentation/speculation.txt | 143 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S | 2 +
arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h | 28 ++++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/msr.h | 3 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/smap.h | 24 +++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h | 15 +++-
arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h | 6 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h | 12 ++--
arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c | 19 ++---
arch/x86/lib/getuser.S | 5 ++
arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c | 8 +--
include/linux/fdtable.h | 7 +-
include/linux/nospec.h | 65 +++++++++++++++++
net/wireless/nl80211.c | 10 ++-
14 files changed, 312 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 Documentation/speculation.txt
create mode 100644 include/linux/nospec.h
commit 28789ca0d2e7fe100edfa74bd41dc9023d0e4a09
Author: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
Date: Wed Jan 3 19:47:06 2018 +0000
Documentation: document array_ptr
Document the rationale and usage of the new array_ptr() helper.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@....com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@....net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit f18e430135bc0fed13859a3cfa5c30bac18713b0
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Mon Jan 8 14:57:34 2018 -0800
asm/nospec, array_ptr: sanitize speculative array de-references
'array_ptr' is proposed as a generic mechanism to mitigate against
Spectre-variant-1 attacks, i.e. an attack that bypasses boundary checks
via speculative execution). The 'array_ptr' implementation is expected
to be safe for current generation cpus across multiple architectures
(ARM, x86).
Based on an original implementation by Linus Torvalds, tweaked to remove
speculative flows by Alexei Starovoitov, and tweaked again by Linus to
introduce an x86 assembly implementation for the mask generation.
Co-developed-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Co-developed-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@...nel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@...radead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@...linux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@....com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@....com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
Cc: x86@...nel.org
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit 9c79e30dff10ac172fa8bb824d1fef963500c2b5
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Tue Jan 9 13:19:55 2018 -0800
x86: implement array_ptr_mask()
'array_ptr' uses a mask to sanitize user controllable pointers. The x86
'array_ptr_mask' is an assembler optimized way to generate a 0 or ~0
mask if an array index is out-of-bounds or in-bounds.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
Cc: x86@...nel.org
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit 7afd0bf63320d156168c484f428d172918bb515c
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Wed Jan 17 11:22:55 2018 -0800
x86: introduce __uaccess_begin_nospec and ifence
For '__get_user' paths, do not allow the kernel to speculate on the
value of a user controlled pointer. In addition to the 'stac'
instruction for Supervisor Mode Access Protection, an 'ifence' causes
the 'access_ok' result to resolve in the pipeline before the cpu might
take any speculative action on the pointer value.
Since __get_user is a major kernel interface that deals with user
controlled pointers, the '__uaccess_begin_nospec' mechanism will prevent
speculative execution past an 'access_ok' permission check. While
speculative execution past 'access_ok' is not enough to lead to a kernel
memory leak, it is a necessary precondition.
To be clear, '__uaccess_begin_nospec' is addressing a class of potential
problems near '__get_user' usages.
Note, that while ifence is used to protect '__get_user', pointer masking
will be used for 'get_user' since it incorporates a bounds check near
the usage.
There are no functional changes in this patch.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Suggested-by: Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>
Cc: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@....com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Cc: x86@...nel.org
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit bad6716b8bd73e5415052a9f06ff607780655e93
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Fri Jan 12 15:49:30 2018 -0800
x86, __get_user: use __uaccess_begin_nospec
Quoting Linus:
I do think that it would be a good idea to very expressly document
the fact that it's not that the user access itself is unsafe. I do
agree that things like "get_user()" want to be protected, but not
because of any direct bugs or problems with get_user() and friends,
but simply because get_user() is an excellent source of a pointer
that is obviously controlled from a potentially attacking user
space. So it's a prime candidate for then finding _subsequent_
accesses that can then be used to perturb the cache.
'__uaccess_begin_nospec' covers '__get_user' and 'copy_from_iter' where
the limit check is far away from the user pointer de-reference. In those
cases an 'lfence' prevents speculation with a potential pointer to
privileged memory.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Suggested-by: Andi Kleen <ak@...ux.intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Cc: x86@...nel.org
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit 582db732ea168afb92205ca3c81b253324c3453b
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Tue Jan 16 17:24:35 2018 -0800
x86, get_user: use pointer masking to limit speculation
Quoting Linus:
I do think that it would be a good idea to very expressly document
the fact that it's not that the user access itself is unsafe. I do
agree that things like "get_user()" want to be protected, but not
because of any direct bugs or problems with get_user() and friends,
but simply because get_user() is an excellent source of a pointer
that is obviously controlled from a potentially attacking user
space. So it's a prime candidate for then finding _subsequent_
accesses that can then be used to perturb the cache.
Unlike the '__get_user' case 'get_user' includes the address limit check
near the pointer de-reference. With that locality the speculation can be
mitigated with pointer narrowing rather than a barrier. Where the
narrowing is performed by:
cmp %limit, %ptr
sbb %mask, %mask
and %mask, %ptr
With respect to speculation the value of %ptr is either less than %limit
or NULL.
Co-developed-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@...omium.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Cc: x86@...nel.org
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit b6f816a66a6780073ad6b26321dc9a68ee513eb7
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Thu Jan 18 10:45:00 2018 -0800
x86: narrow out of bounds syscalls to sys_read under speculation
The syscall table base is a user controlled function pointer in kernel
space. Like, 'get_user, use 'MASK_NOSPEC' to prevent any out of bounds
speculation. While retpoline prevents speculating into the user
controlled target it does not stop the pointer de-reference, the concern
is leaking memory relative to the syscall table base.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@...ux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@...utronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@...hat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@...or.com>
Cc: x86@...nel.org
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@...nel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit 815436a2b32e3f9f9c7a3de78a96936b2f45def9
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Wed Jan 3 13:54:04 2018 -0800
vfs, fdtable: prevent bounds-check bypass via speculative execution
'fd' is a user controlled value that is used as a data dependency to
read from the 'fdt->fd' array. In order to avoid potential leaks of
kernel memory values, block speculative execution of the instruction
stream that could issue reads based on an invalid 'file *' returned from
__fcheck_files.
Cc: Al Viro <viro@...iv.linux.org.uk>
Co-developed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@...el.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit 826d3c8921357397c906874565e21f4b1a24afdf
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Wed Jan 17 13:29:40 2018 -0800
kvm, x86: update spectre-v1 mitigation
Commit 75f139aaf896 "KVM: x86: Add memory barrier on vmcs field lookup"
added a raw 'asm("lfence");' to prevent a bounds check bypass of
'vmcs_field_to_offset_table'. We can save an lfence in this path and
just use the common 'array_ptr' helper designed for these types of
fixes.
Cc: Andrew Honig <ahonig@...gle.com>
Cc: Jim Mattson <jmattson@...gle.com>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@...hat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
commit 4265eaab5a77015b476785a6e1ce9432398341bc
Author: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
Date: Wed Jan 17 16:01:37 2018 -0800
nl80211: sanitize array index in parse_txq_params
Wireless drivers rely on parse_txq_params to validate that
txq_params->ac is less than NL80211_NUM_ACS by the time the low-level
driver's ->conf_tx() handler is called. Use a new helper, 'array_idx',
to sanitize txq_params->ac with respect to speculation. I.e. ensure that
any speculation into ->conf_tx() handlers is done with a value of
txq_params->ac that is within the bounds of [0, NL80211_NUM_ACS).
Reported-by: Christian Lamparter <chunkeey@...il.com>
Reported-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@...el.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@...solutions.net>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@...emloft.net>
Cc: linux-wireless@...r.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@...el.com>
diff --git a/Documentation/speculation.txt b/Documentation/speculation.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a47fbffe0dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/speculation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+This document explains potential effects of speculation, and how undesirable
+effects can be mitigated portably using common APIs.
+
+===========
+Speculation
+===========
+
+To improve performance and minimize average latencies, many contemporary CPUs
+employ speculative execution techniques such as branch prediction, performing
+work which may be discarded at a later stage.
+
+Typically speculative execution cannot be observed from architectural state,
+such as the contents of registers. However, in some cases it is possible to
+observe its impact on microarchitectural state, such as the presence or
+absence of data in caches. Such state may form side-channels which can be
+observed to extract secret information.
+
+For example, in the presence of branch prediction, it is possible for bounds
+checks to be ignored by code which is speculatively executed. Consider the
+following code:
+
+ int load_array(int *array, unsigned int idx)
+ {
+ if (idx >= MAX_ARRAY_ELEMS)
+ return 0;
+ else
+ return array[idx];
+ }
+
+Which, on arm64, may be compiled to an assembly sequence such as:
+
+ CMP <idx>, #MAX_ARRAY_ELEMS
+ B.LT less
+ MOV <returnval>, #0
+ RET
+ less:
+ LDR <returnval>, [<array>, <idx>]
+ RET
+
+It is possible that a CPU mis-predicts the conditional branch, and
+speculatively loads array[idx], even if idx >= MAX_ARRAY_ELEMS. This value
+will subsequently be discarded, but the speculated load may affect
+microarchitectural state which can be subsequently measured.
+
+More complex sequences involving multiple dependent memory accesses may result
+in sensitive information being leaked. Consider the following code, building
+on the prior example:
+
+ int load_dependent_arrays(int *arr1, int *arr2, int idx)
+ {
+ int val1, val2,
+
+ val1 = load_array(arr1, idx);
+ val2 = load_array(arr2, val1);
+
+ return val2;
+ }
+
+Under speculation, the first call to load_array() may return the value of an
+out-of-bounds address, while the second call will influence microarchitectural
+state dependent on this value. This may provide an arbitrary read primitive.
+
+====================================
+Mitigating speculation side-channels
+====================================
+
+The kernel provides a generic API to ensure that bounds checks are respected
+even under speculation. Architectures which are affected by speculation-based
+side-channels are expected to implement these primitives.
+
+The array_ptr() helper in <asm/barrier.h> can be used to prevent
+information from being leaked via side-channels.
+
+A call to array_ptr(arr, idx, sz) returns a sanitized pointer to
+arr[idx] only if idx falls in the [0, sz) interval. When idx < 0 or idx > sz,
+NULL is returned. Additionally, array_ptr() of an out-of-bounds pointer is
+not propagated to code which is speculatively executed.
+
+This can be used to protect the earlier load_array() example:
+
+ int load_array(int *array, unsigned int idx)
+ {
+ int *elem;
+
+ elem = array_ptr(array, idx, MAX_ARRAY_ELEMS);
+ if (elem)
+ return *elem;
+ else
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+This can also be used in situations where multiple fields on a structure are
+accessed:
+
+ struct foo array[SIZE];
+ int a, b;
+
+ void do_thing(int idx)
+ {
+ struct foo *elem;
+
+ elem = array_ptr(array, idx, SIZE);
+ if (elem) {
+ a = elem->field_a;
+ b = elem->field_b;
+ }
+ }
+
+It is imperative that the returned pointer is used. Pointers which are
+generated separately are subject to a number of potential CPU and compiler
+optimizations, and may still be used speculatively. For example, this means
+that the following sequence is unsafe:
+
+ struct foo array[SIZE];
+ int a, b;
+
+ void do_thing(int idx)
+ {
+ if (array_ptr(array, idx, SIZE) != NULL) {
+ // unsafe as wrong pointer is used
+ a = array[idx].field_a;
+ b = array[idx].field_b;
+ }
+ }
+
+Similarly, it is unsafe to compare the returned pointer with other pointers,
+as this may permit the compiler to substitute one pointer with another,
+permitting speculation. For example, the following sequence is unsafe:
+
+ struct foo array[SIZE];
+ int a, b;
+
+ void do_thing(int idx)
+ {
+ struct foo *elem = array_ptr(array, idx, size);
+
+ // unsafe due to pointer substitution
+ if (elem == &array[idx]) {
+ a = elem->field_a;
+ b = elem->field_b;
+ }
+ }
+
diff --git a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
index 4f8e1d35a97c..2320017077d4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
#include <asm/asm.h>
#include <asm/smap.h>
#include <asm/pgtable_types.h>
+#include <asm/smap.h>
#include <asm/export.h>
#include <asm/frame.h>
#include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
@@ -264,6 +265,7 @@ entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath:
cmpl $__NR_syscall_max, %eax
#endif
ja 1f /* return -ENOSYS (already in pt_regs->ax) */
+ MASK_NOSPEC %r11 %rax /* sanitize syscall_nr wrt speculation */
movq %r10, %rcx
/*
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
index 7fb336210e1b..0f48c832d1fb 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -24,6 +24,34 @@
#define wmb() asm volatile("sfence" ::: "memory")
#endif
+/**
+ * array_ptr_mask - generate a mask for array_ptr() that is ~0UL when
+ * the bounds check succeeds and 0 otherwise
+ */
+#define array_ptr_mask array_ptr_mask
+static inline unsigned long array_ptr_mask(unsigned long idx, unsigned long sz)
+{
+ unsigned long mask;
+
+ /*
+ * mask = index - size, if that result is >= 0 then the index is
+ * invalid and the mask is 0 else ~0
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
+ asm ("cmpl %1,%2; sbbl %0,%0;"
+#else
+ asm ("cmpq %1,%2; sbbq %0,%0;"
+#endif
+ :"=r" (mask)
+ :"r"(sz),"r" (idx)
+ :"cc");
+ return mask;
+}
+
+/* prevent speculative execution past this barrier */
+#define ifence() alternative_2("", "mfence", X86_FEATURE_MFENCE_RDTSC, \
+ "lfence", X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC)
+
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE
#define dma_rmb() rmb()
#else
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/msr.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/msr.h
index 07962f5f6fba..e426d2a33ff3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/msr.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/msr.h
@@ -214,8 +214,7 @@ static __always_inline unsigned long long rdtsc_ordered(void)
* that some other imaginary CPU is updating continuously with a
* time stamp.
*/
- alternative_2("", "mfence", X86_FEATURE_MFENCE_RDTSC,
- "lfence", X86_FEATURE_LFENCE_RDTSC);
+ ifence();
return rdtsc();
}
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/smap.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/smap.h
index db333300bd4b..3b5b2cf58dc6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/smap.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/smap.h
@@ -25,6 +25,30 @@
#include <asm/alternative-asm.h>
+/*
+ * MASK_NOSPEC - sanitize the value of a user controlled value with
+ * respect to speculation
+ *
+ * In the get_user path once we have determined that the pointer is
+ * below the current address limit sanitize its value with respect to
+ * speculation. In the case when the pointer is above the address limit
+ * this directs the cpu to speculate with a NULL ptr rather than
+ * something targeting kernel memory.
+ *
+ * In the syscall entry path it is possible to speculate past the
+ * validation of the system call number. Use MASK_NOSPEC to sanitize the
+ * syscall array index to zero (sys_read) rather than an arbitrary
+ * target.
+ *
+ * assumes CF is set from a previous 'cmp' i.e.:
+ * cmp TASK_addr_limit, %ptr
+ * cmp __NR_syscall_max, %idx
+ */
+.macro MASK_NOSPEC mask val
+ sbb \mask, \mask
+ and \mask, \val
+.endm
+
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_SMAP
#define ASM_CLAC \
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
index 574dff4d2913..a930585fa3b5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
@@ -124,6 +124,11 @@ extern int __get_user_bad(void);
#define __uaccess_begin() stac()
#define __uaccess_end() clac()
+#define __uaccess_begin_nospec() \
+({ \
+ stac(); \
+ ifence(); \
+})
/*
* This is a type: either unsigned long, if the argument fits into
@@ -445,7 +450,7 @@ do { \
({ \
int __gu_err; \
__inttype(*(ptr)) __gu_val; \
- __uaccess_begin(); \
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec(); \
__get_user_size(__gu_val, (ptr), (size), __gu_err, -EFAULT); \
__uaccess_end(); \
(x) = (__force __typeof__(*(ptr)))__gu_val; \
@@ -487,6 +492,10 @@ struct __large_struct { unsigned long buf[100]; };
__uaccess_begin(); \
barrier();
+#define uaccess_try_nospec do { \
+ current->thread.uaccess_err = 0; \
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec(); \
+
#define uaccess_catch(err) \
__uaccess_end(); \
(err) |= (current->thread.uaccess_err ? -EFAULT : 0); \
@@ -548,7 +557,7 @@ struct __large_struct { unsigned long buf[100]; };
* get_user_ex(...);
* } get_user_catch(err)
*/
-#define get_user_try uaccess_try
+#define get_user_try uaccess_try_nospec
#define get_user_catch(err) uaccess_catch(err)
#define get_user_ex(x, ptr) do { \
@@ -582,7 +591,7 @@ extern void __cmpxchg_wrong_size(void)
__typeof__(ptr) __uval = (uval); \
__typeof__(*(ptr)) __old = (old); \
__typeof__(*(ptr)) __new = (new); \
- __uaccess_begin(); \
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec(); \
switch (size) { \
case 1: \
{ \
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
index 72950401b223..ba2dc1930630 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h
@@ -29,21 +29,21 @@ raw_copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from, unsigned long n)
switch (n) {
case 1:
ret = 0;
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u8 *)to, from, ret,
"b", "b", "=q", 1);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 2:
ret = 0;
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u16 *)to, from, ret,
"w", "w", "=r", 2);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 4:
ret = 0;
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u32 *)to, from, ret,
"l", "k", "=r", 4);
__uaccess_end();
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
index f07ef3c575db..62546b3a398e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h
@@ -55,31 +55,31 @@ raw_copy_from_user(void *dst, const void __user *src, unsigned long size)
return copy_user_generic(dst, (__force void *)src, size);
switch (size) {
case 1:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u8 *)dst, (u8 __user *)src,
ret, "b", "b", "=q", 1);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 2:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u16 *)dst, (u16 __user *)src,
ret, "w", "w", "=r", 2);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 4:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u32 *)dst, (u32 __user *)src,
ret, "l", "k", "=r", 4);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 8:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u64 *)dst, (u64 __user *)src,
ret, "q", "", "=r", 8);
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 10:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u64 *)dst, (u64 __user *)src,
ret, "q", "", "=r", 10);
if (likely(!ret))
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ raw_copy_from_user(void *dst, const void __user *src, unsigned long size)
__uaccess_end();
return ret;
case 16:
- __uaccess_begin();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
__get_user_asm_nozero(*(u64 *)dst, (u64 __user *)src,
ret, "q", "", "=r", 16);
if (likely(!ret))
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c
index c829d89e2e63..20b9b0b5e336 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
#include <linux/tboot.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
#include <linux/frame.h>
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
#include "kvm_cache_regs.h"
#include "x86.h"
@@ -898,21 +899,15 @@ static const unsigned short vmcs_field_to_offset_table[] = {
static inline short vmcs_field_to_offset(unsigned long field)
{
- BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(vmcs_field_to_offset_table) > SHRT_MAX);
-
- if (field >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmcs_field_to_offset_table))
- return -ENOENT;
+ const unsigned short *offset;
- /*
- * FIXME: Mitigation for CVE-2017-5753. To be replaced with a
- * generic mechanism.
- */
- asm("lfence");
+ BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(vmcs_field_to_offset_table) > SHRT_MAX);
- if (vmcs_field_to_offset_table[field] == 0)
+ offset = array_ptr(vmcs_field_to_offset_table, field,
+ ARRAY_SIZE(vmcs_field_to_offset_table));
+ if (!offset || *offset == 0)
return -ENOENT;
-
- return vmcs_field_to_offset_table[field];
+ return *offset;
}
static inline struct vmcs12 *get_vmcs12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S b/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S
index c97d935a29e8..07d0e8a28b17 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/getuser.S
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ ENTRY(__get_user_1)
mov PER_CPU_VAR(current_task), %_ASM_DX
cmp TASK_addr_limit(%_ASM_DX),%_ASM_AX
jae bad_get_user
+ MASK_NOSPEC %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
ASM_STAC
1: movzbl (%_ASM_AX),%edx
xor %eax,%eax
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ ENTRY(__get_user_2)
mov PER_CPU_VAR(current_task), %_ASM_DX
cmp TASK_addr_limit(%_ASM_DX),%_ASM_AX
jae bad_get_user
+ MASK_NOSPEC %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
ASM_STAC
2: movzwl -1(%_ASM_AX),%edx
xor %eax,%eax
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ ENTRY(__get_user_4)
mov PER_CPU_VAR(current_task), %_ASM_DX
cmp TASK_addr_limit(%_ASM_DX),%_ASM_AX
jae bad_get_user
+ MASK_NOSPEC %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
ASM_STAC
3: movl -3(%_ASM_AX),%edx
xor %eax,%eax
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@ ENTRY(__get_user_8)
mov PER_CPU_VAR(current_task), %_ASM_DX
cmp TASK_addr_limit(%_ASM_DX),%_ASM_AX
jae bad_get_user
+ MASK_NOSPEC %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
ASM_STAC
4: movq -7(%_ASM_AX),%rdx
xor %eax,%eax
@@ -94,6 +98,7 @@ ENTRY(__get_user_8)
mov PER_CPU_VAR(current_task), %_ASM_DX
cmp TASK_addr_limit(%_ASM_DX),%_ASM_AX
jae bad_get_user_8
+ MASK_NOSPEC %_ASM_DX, %_ASM_AX
ASM_STAC
4: movl -7(%_ASM_AX),%edx
5: movl -3(%_ASM_AX),%ecx
diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
index 1b377f734e64..7add8ba06887 100644
--- a/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
+++ b/arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
@@ -331,12 +331,12 @@ do { \
unsigned long __copy_user_ll(void *to, const void *from, unsigned long n)
{
- stac();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
if (movsl_is_ok(to, from, n))
__copy_user(to, from, n);
else
n = __copy_user_intel(to, from, n);
- clac();
+ __uaccess_end();
return n;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_user_ll);
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_user_ll);
unsigned long __copy_from_user_ll_nocache_nozero(void *to, const void __user *from,
unsigned long n)
{
- stac();
+ __uaccess_begin_nospec();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_INTEL_USERCOPY
if (n > 64 && static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_XMM2))
n = __copy_user_intel_nocache(to, from, n);
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ unsigned long __copy_from_user_ll_nocache_nozero(void *to, const void __user *fr
#else
__copy_user(to, from, n);
#endif
- clac();
+ __uaccess_end();
return n;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_from_user_ll_nocache_nozero);
diff --git a/include/linux/fdtable.h b/include/linux/fdtable.h
index 1c65817673db..9731f1a255db 100644
--- a/include/linux/fdtable.h
+++ b/include/linux/fdtable.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
@@ -81,9 +82,11 @@ struct dentry;
static inline struct file *__fcheck_files(struct files_struct *files, unsigned int fd)
{
struct fdtable *fdt = rcu_dereference_raw(files->fdt);
+ struct file __rcu **fdp;
- if (fd < fdt->max_fds)
- return rcu_dereference_raw(fdt->fd[fd]);
+ fdp = array_ptr(fdt->fd, fd, fdt->max_fds);
+ if (fdp)
+ return rcu_dereference_raw(*fdp);
return NULL;
}
diff --git a/include/linux/nospec.h b/include/linux/nospec.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b8a9222e34d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/nospec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+
+#ifndef __NOSPEC_H__
+#define __NOSPEC_H__
+
+#include <linux/jump_label.h>
+#include <asm/barrier.h>
+
+/*
+ * If idx is negative or if idx > size then bit 63 is set in the mask,
+ * and the value of ~(-1L) is zero. When the mask is zero, bounds check
+ * failed, array_ptr will return NULL.
+ */
+#ifndef array_ptr_mask
+static inline unsigned long array_ptr_mask(unsigned long idx, unsigned long sz)
+{
+ return ~(long)(idx | (sz - 1 - idx)) >> (BITS_PER_LONG - 1);
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * array_ptr - Generate a pointer to an array element, ensuring
+ * the pointer is bounded under speculation to NULL.
+ *
+ * @base: the base of the array
+ * @idx: the index of the element, must be less than LONG_MAX
+ * @sz: the number of elements in the array, must be less than LONG_MAX
+ *
+ * If @idx falls in the interval [0, @sz), returns the pointer to
+ * @arr[@idx], otherwise returns NULL.
+ */
+#define array_ptr(base, idx, sz) \
+({ \
+ union { typeof(*(base)) *_ptr; unsigned long _bit; } __u; \
+ typeof(*(base)) *_arr = (base); \
+ unsigned long _i = (idx); \
+ unsigned long _mask = array_ptr_mask(_i, (sz)); \
+ \
+ __u._ptr = _arr + _i; \
+ __u._bit &= _mask; \
+ __u._ptr; \
+})
+
+/**
+ * array_idx - Generate a pointer to an array index, ensuring the
+ * pointer is bounded under speculation to NULL.
+ *
+ * @idx: the index of the element, must be less than LONG_MAX
+ * @sz: the number of elements in the array, must be less than LONG_MAX
+ *
+ * If @idx falls in the interval [0, @sz), returns &@idx otherwise
+ * returns NULL.
+ */
+#define array_idx(idx, sz) \
+({ \
+ union { typeof((idx)) *_ptr; unsigned long _bit; } __u; \
+ typeof(idx) *_i = &(idx); \
+ unsigned long _mask = array_ptr_mask(*_i, (sz)); \
+ \
+ __u._ptr = _i; \
+ __u._bit &= _mask; \
+ __u._ptr; \
+})
+#endif /* __NOSPEC_H__ */
diff --git a/net/wireless/nl80211.c b/net/wireless/nl80211.c
index 2b3dbcd40e46..202cb1dc03ee 100644
--- a/net/wireless/nl80211.c
+++ b/net/wireless/nl80211.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
#include <linux/nl80211.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
#include <net/net_namespace.h>
#include <net/genetlink.h>
@@ -2056,20 +2057,23 @@ static const struct nla_policy txq_params_policy[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_MAX + 1] = {
static int parse_txq_params(struct nlattr *tb[],
struct ieee80211_txq_params *txq_params)
{
+ u8 ac, *idx;
+
if (!tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AC] || !tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_TXOP] ||
!tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMIN] || !tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMAX] ||
!tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AIFS])
return -EINVAL;
- txq_params->ac = nla_get_u8(tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AC]);
+ ac = nla_get_u8(tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AC]);
txq_params->txop = nla_get_u16(tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_TXOP]);
txq_params->cwmin = nla_get_u16(tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMIN]);
txq_params->cwmax = nla_get_u16(tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_CWMAX]);
txq_params->aifs = nla_get_u8(tb[NL80211_TXQ_ATTR_AIFS]);
- if (txq_params->ac >= NL80211_NUM_ACS)
+ idx = array_idx(ac, NL80211_NUM_ACS);
+ if (!idx)
return -EINVAL;
-
+ txq_params->ac = *idx;
return 0;
}
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