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Energy-efficient bcrypt cracking

These are the slides we used at PasswordsCon Las Vegas 2014 (colocated with BSidesLV), Skytalks 2014 (colocated with DEFCON), and FSEC 2014. We used a much older version of these slides at PasswordsCon Bergen 2013.

Please click on the slides for higher-resolution versions. You can also download a PDF file with all of the slides (7.4 MB) and watch a video of the talk (YouTube).

We also used a summary version (2.6 MB) of these slides at USENIX WOOT '14, and we recommend that you read our WOOT '14 paper (268 KB, 7 pages).

Errata: the number 1024 used in formulas on slides 50 and 51 (slide 15 in the summary version) and on pages 4 to 6 in the paper should actually be 1042 (as (512+9)*2). Correcting it would very slightly affect our reported theoretical and derived speeds.

Update: the most optimized implementation described on slide 33 and in the paper on pages 3 and 4, which was unstable on our ZedBoard despite of hardware modifications, became stable on a newer ZedBoard revision without any custom hardware modifications, actually delivering on the Zynq 7020 the same speed of over 7000 c/s at bcrypt cost 5 that we had achieved by emulation on a Zynq 7045 board.

Update: we've since implemented bcrypt on ZTEX 1.15y quad-FPGA boards (which was mentioned as part of "Future work" on slide 57 here), achieving much higher speeds than anything shown here (eventually 119k c/s at bcrypt cost 5 per board, over 1.6M c/s for an older revision on a 16-board cluster managed from one Raspberry Pi, 2.1M c/s on 18 boards in a production rig consuming 585 Watts, and four times that for the four rigs assembled). We've also implemented a number of other hash types on those boards, with support for all of that merged into John the Ripper bleeding-jumbo branch and 1.9.0-jumbo-1 release, thus available for actual use (not just research).

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