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Message-ID: <CAKws9z0pq63ZK2q_zVgoYF+U+evLNvqD5v=7HKnOy5H263Z8rA@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 19 Jul 2016 00:56:58 -0400
From: Scott Arciszewski <scott@...agonie.com>
To: fulldisclosure@...lists.org, oss-security@...ts.openwall.com
Subject: Ruining the Magic of Magento's Encryption Library
Hello mcrypt, my old friend
I've come to exploit you again
Because a version slowly rotting
Is well-deserved for a boycotting
And the S-box that was planted in its GOST
Still remains
Within the sound of silence
~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~ 8< ~
Let's talk about Magento.
The Wikipedia page for Magento begins, "Magento is an open-source
e-commerce platform written in PHP." This bears emphasis: e-commerce
platform.
When I hear e-commerce, I think "financial information". I think "credit
card numbers" and "probably PCI-DSS violations should anything be obviously
stupid".
Let's look at how Magento implements cryptography, with a series of
exhibits followed by an explanation of what's happening and why it's
dangerous:
A.
https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/6ea7d2d85cded3fa0fbcf4e7aa0dcd4edbf568a6/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/Encryption/Encryptor.php#L268-L320
B.
https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/6ea7d2d85cded3fa0fbcf4e7aa0dcd4edbf568a6/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/Encryption/Encryptor.php#L390-L399
C.
https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/6ea7d2d85cded3fa0fbcf4e7aa0dcd4edbf568a6/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/Encryption/Crypt.php#L63-L77
D.
https://github.com/magento/magento2/blob/6ea7d2d85cded3fa0fbcf4e7aa0dcd4edbf568a6/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/Encryption/Encryptor.php#L170
If you looked at the code, I promise this is every bit as bad as it looks
at a glance.
EXHIBIT A
=========
Magento's decryption expects up to 4 strings concatenated by a : character.
Depending on the number of pieces, it assumes a totally different setup:
1 piece: Blowfish, in ECB mode!
2 or 3 pieces: Probably blowfish, but maybe AES or Rijndael-256, depending
on the integer supplied by the attacker.
4 pieces: We finally get an initialization vector, which means CBC mode can
be used.
At no point do they authenticate _anything_, so no matter what:
- You get to control which branch is selected by breaking pieces off the
attacker-chosen message.
- You get to choose the ciphertext that the attempted decryption is
performed upon.
EXHIBIT B
=========
If you thought the ability to be encrypted with AES was a saving grace, too
bad. They hard-code your choice to ECB mode.
The only way you can get CBC mode (which, again, is unauthenticated) is to
use the non-standard Rijndael256 cipher.
EXHIBIT C
=========
If you thought it couldn't possibly get any worse, Magento's encryption
library will either:
- Give you an IV consisting entirely of NULL bytes.
- Generate it, using rand(), on a 62-character keyspace.
(Y'know, because it's not XORed with the plaintext in CBC mode and biases
aren't a concern or anything.)
EXHIBIT D
=========
Yes, that is how Magento hashes passwords. Which is weird: They go out of
their way to compare strings in constant-time, but
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
=======================
An attacker has a great deal of control over the ciphertext, and
incidentally which cipher mode is used by the decryption routine.
Nothing is authenticated. At all.
ECB mode everywhere.
When CBC mode is actually used, it's used with a laughably weak IV and a
non-standard cipher. Also, unauthenticated.
Magento, one of the largest open source e-commerce platforms, ships a
broken cryptography library that clueless developers are probably using to
encrypt your credit card information for their client's customers.
Given the prevalence of ECB mode, and the weak IV used in CBC mode, you
should assume anything you encrypted with Magento's encryption library is
both:
- Decryptable, if an attacker can alter plaintexts or ciphertexts and study
the output of either operation, without the key
- Forgeable
This cryptography implementation is very irresponsible and, because
cryptography is involved, warrants immediate full disclosure so everyone
can cease to use their broken crypto as soon as possible.
If you need a remediation strategy, I've got you covered:
https://paragonie.com/blog/2015/11/choosing-right-cryptography-library-for-your-php-project-guide
Scott Arciszewski
Chief Development Officer
Paragon Initiative Enterprises <https://paragonie.com>
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